Recently, I was made aware of an article by the famous Harvard economist Gregory N. Mankiw ("Defending the One Percent’’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2013). In that article, he puts forward an interesting thought experiment. Assume we were in a state in which the market outcome would lead to absolute equality among economic agents. There was no need for redistribution, as anybody would get the same share of the pie anyway, and a lump-sum tax would finance government expenditures (which were still needed, as there is a demand for public goods). ...